C1.4.a. Must seafarer recruitment and placement services be established? C1.4.b. What is a seafarer recruitment and placement service? What is a public or private sector service? C1.4.c. Is a recruitment department operated by a shipowner considered a private recruitment and placement service? C1.4.d. Who has obligations under Regulation 1.4? C1.4.e. What are the shipowners’ responsibilities under Regulation 1.4? C1.4.f. What happens if seafarers are recruited from a country that has not ratified the MLC, 2006? C1.4.g. Can recruitment and placement services charge seafarers fees? C1.4.h. Who pays for documents that seafarers need to be able to travel to join ship? What about the cost of travel to obtain a visa? C1.4.i. What is the system of protection against monetary loss that is required of private seafarer recruitment and placement services? C1.4.j. Must seafarer recruitment and services be certified for compliance with the MLC, 2006? C1.4.k. Will a certificate of MLC, 2006 compliance for a recruitment and placement service issued by a recognized organization meet the MLC, 2006 requirements? C1.4.l. Does the MLC, 2006 prevent the employment of seafarers based in countries that have not ratified the MLC, 2006? C1.4.m. Does an employment and recruitment service that occasionally places seafarers on board ship such as cruise ships have to comply with the MLC, 2006 requirements? C1.4.n. Is a professional or other association or service that posts employment opportunities for its members a seafarers’ recruitment and placement service under the MLC, 2006? C1.4.o. The country in which a recruitment and placement service is located has ratified the Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Convention, 1996 (No. 179). Does this guarantee that it is operating to the same standards as those required by the MLC, 2006? C1.4.p. When I was recruited to work on a ship, my employer was a manning agency and they signed my employment contract. Is that acceptable under the MLC, 2006?